Gemini

The question of when America was "discovered" is complex, as people lived on the continent for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. However, from a European perspective:

• Christopher Columbus – Widely credited with the "discovery" of the Americas when he landed in the Caribbean on October 12, 1492. His voyages opened the way for widespread European exploration and colonization.
• Viking sailors – Notably Leif Erikson, believed to have established a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland, Canada, around the 11th century, centuries before Columbus.
• First humans – Arrived in the Americas from Asia much earlier, likely at least 15,000 years ago, and possibly much earlier.

A router is a networking device that connects multiple computer networks and forwards data packets between them. Its primary role is to direct data traffic efficiently and ensure that information reaches its intended destination. Here's how it manages data traffic:

• Connecting Networks – Acts as a central hub for different networks, such as your home local area network (LAN) and the internet (wide area network - WAN). It has multiple interfaces, each connected to a different network.
• Packet Inspection – When a router receives a packet, it inspects the packet's header, which contains crucial information like the source IP address and the destination IP address.
• Routing Table – Maintains a “routing table,” a map of the network containing information about different network paths and the next hop a packet should take to reach its destination. These paths can be configured manually (statically) or learned automatically (dynamically) using routing protocols such as OSPF or BGP.
• Forwarding Decisions – Based on the destination IP address and its routing table, the router determines the most efficient path for the packet and sends it through the appropriate interface.
• Network Address Translation (NAT) – In home networks, routers often perform NAT, allowing multiple devices with private IP addresses to share a single public IP address when accessing the internet. NAT translates between private and public IPs for both outgoing and incoming packets.
• Firewall Capabilities – Many routers can filter traffic based on predefined rules, blocking unauthorized access and protecting the network from malicious attacks.
• Quality of Service (QoS) – Some routers can prioritize certain types of traffic (e.g., video streaming or voice calls) to ensure smooth performance for critical applications during network congestion.

In essence, a router acts like a traffic controller on a complex road system, reading the destination address on each data packet and directing it onto the correct network path to reach its destination smoothly and efficiently.

Italian cuisine is incredibly diverse and varies greatly by region, but some dishes are universally loved and widely consumed across the country. Here are some of the most popular and commonly eaten foods in Italy:

• Spaghetti alla Carbonara – A Roman classic made with eggs, Pecorino Romano cheese, guanciale (cured pork jowl), and black pepper.
• Cacio e Pepe – Another simple yet incredibly flavorful Roman pasta dish with Pecorino Romano cheese and black pepper.
• Lasagna – Layers of pasta, ragù (meat sauce), béchamel sauce, and Parmesan cheese, often associated with Bologna.
• Tagliatelle al Ragù (Bolognese) – Broad flat pasta served with a rich, slow-cooked meat sauce.
• Gnocchi – Soft, doughy dumplings often made from potato, served with various sauces like pesto, tomato, or butter and sage.
• Pasta al Pomodoro / Spaghetti al Pomodoro – Simple yet essential pasta with a fresh tomato sauce, often with basil.
• Aglio e Olio – Pasta with garlic and olive oil, sometimes with a touch of chili.
• Pizza Napoletana (Neapolitan Pizza) – Famous for its thin, soft, and chewy crust with simple toppings like Margherita (tomato, mozzarella, basil).
• Focaccia – A flat oven-baked bread, often seasoned with olive oil, salt, and herbs, and sometimes topped with vegetables.
• Bruschetta – Grilled bread rubbed with garlic, topped with olive oil, and often fresh tomatoes and basil.
• Risotto – A creamy rice dish cooked in broth, with many variations including Risotto alla Milanese (with saffron), mushroom risotto, or seafood risotto.
• Arancini – Fried rice balls, typically from Sicily, often filled with ragù, mozzarella, and peas.
• Bistecca alla Fiorentina – A thick-cut, grilled T-bone steak, typically served rare, from Tuscany.
• Ossobuco – Braised veal shanks cooked with vegetables, white wine, and broth, often from Milan.
• Melanzane alla Parmigiana – Layers of fried or baked eggplant with tomato sauce, mozzarella, and Parmesan cheese.
• Gelato – Italian ice cream, known for its intense flavors and denser, creamier texture than regular ice cream.
• Tiramisu – A coffee-flavored dessert made with layers of ladyfingers dipped in coffee, mascarpone cheese, eggs, and cocoa powder.
• Cannoli – Crispy fried pastry shells filled with a sweet, creamy ricotta cheese filling, a specialty of Sicily.

This list barely scratches the surface, as every region and even every town in Italy has its own unique culinary traditions and beloved dishes. However, these are some of the most iconic and frequently enjoyed Italian foods.

405.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}
  

Here's a look at some cultural events happening in Naples, Italy, and Tokyo, Japan, this month (June 2025):

Naples, Italy

• Pino Daniele. Spiritual. Exhibition – Celebrates the life and work of the beloved Neapolitan musician and songwriter, Pino Daniele. Features personal items, musical instruments, videos, and never-before-seen documents. Hosted in the Plebiscito and Belvedere Rooms of the Royal Palace of Naples, March 20 – July 6, 2025.
• Republic Day Free Museums and Tours – On June 1 and 2, many museums in Naples will offer free admission, including the Royal Palace of Naples, the National Archaeological Museum, the Museum and Royal Park of Capodimonte, and Castel Sant'Elmo. Guided tours available in the Spanish Quarters and the Sanità district.
• Naples Celebrates 2,500 Years of History – Year-long milestone celebration with special June events at the Real Albergo dei Poveri, including the play Pinocchio (June 8) at Teatro Mercadante and the Roots and Migrations cultural project (June 21 – July 5) at the Naples Lighthouse.
• Campania Teatro Festival – June 13 – July 13, the 18th edition of this multidisciplinary festival with over 150 events, including many premieres, in theaters and venues such as Maschio Angioino and the Royal Palace.
• Napulitanata – Musical performances throughout June, often featuring traditional Neapolitan music and songs.

Tokyo, Japan

• Torigoe Matsuri – June 7–9 near Torigoe Shrine, featuring a massive four-tonne mikoshi (portable shrine) paraded through the streets, with the main event on June 8.
• Tokyo Pride Parade and Festival – June 7–8 at various locations, including Yoyogi Park. Includes a Queer Art Exhibition (June 6–18) at BABY THE COFFEE BREW CLUB GALLERY ROOM/ART STREET.
• The Art of the RAMEN Bowl Exhibition – Until June 15, 2025, at 21_21 Design Sight.
• Katsushika Iris Festival – May 26 – June 15, 2025, at Horikiri Shobukoen Garden, featuring around 6,000 iris plants.
• Tsukiji Lion Dance Festival – Held at Namiyoke Inari Shrine, June 7–9, 2025.
• Hydrangea Festivals – Includes Bunkyo Ajisai Festival (June 7–15) at Hakusan Shrine with 3,000+ hydrangeas, and Wonderful Nature Village Hydrangea Festival (June 7 – July 6).
• Isao Takahata Exhibition — The Man Who Planted Japanese Animation – June 27 – September 15, 2025, at Azabudai Hills Gallery, celebrating the Studio Ghibli co-founder.
• Ando Teru Exhibition: The Sculptor of The Hachiko Statue – June 21 – August 17 at The Shoto Museum of Art, marking 80 years since his death.
• Nagoshi-no-Oharae Ceremony – Traditional Shinto purification ritual held at many shrines across Japan around June.

Abstract Accurate and efficient network traffic classification is crucial for effective network management, security, and quality of service provisioning. Traditional classification methods, often reliant on port numbers or deep packet inspection, face significant challenges due to increasing traffic encryption, dynamic port assignments, and the computational overhead of payload analysis. This paper proposes an innovative machine learning-based technique for network traffic classification that addresses these limitations. Our solution leverages flow-level statistical features and behavioral patterns rather than inspecting packet content. By analyzing attributes such as packet inter-arrival times, packet sizes, and flow duration, the proposed model can accurately identify application types and differentiate between legitimate and malicious traffic even when encrypted. This approach offers several advantages over existing methods, including enhanced privacy protection by avoiding payload inspection, improved scalability due to reduced computational complexity, and superior adaptability to evolving network protocols and encrypted traffic. Experimental results demonstrate that our technique achieves high classification accuracy and significantly outperforms conventional methods in real-world network environments.

Quando ero piccolo, la nostra famiglia viaggiò in Madagascar, ed è stata un'esperienza indimenticabile. Abbiamo visto lemuri sugli alberi, camaleonti mimetizzati tra le foglie e baobab giganti che dominavano il paesaggio. Abbiamo fatto una passeggiata guidata nel caldo pomeridiano, e molti animali riposavano all'ombra. Tornati a casa nell'Irlanda rurale, il panorama è completamente diverso — siamo abituati a vedere pecore, mucche e galline fuori dalla nostra finestra.

Last month, Google researchers achieved "quantum supremacy" by building a quantum computer capable of completing a calculation in 3 minutes and 20 seconds that would take traditional computers 10,000 years. This experimental technology, though not yet ready for widespread use, is expected to revolutionize computing by harnessing quantum mechanics to tackle tasks currently impossible for conventional machines.

Here's an illustration of a person surfing on a wave in the ocean: